Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
messages
|
/var/adm/messages
|
/var/log/messages
|
/var/log/messages
|
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
|
/var/adm/ras
|
syslog
|
/var/log/syslog
|
/var/log/syslog
|
/var/log/syslog
|
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
|
/var/adm/ras
|
mail
|
/var/log/mail
|
/var/log/mail.*
|
/var/adm/syslog/mail.log
|
/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog
|
|
cron
|
/var/cron/log
|
/var/log/cron
|
/var/log/cron.log
|
/var/adm/cron/log
|
/var/adm/cron/log
|
boot
|
/var/adm/messages
dmesg |
/var/log/boot
dmesg |
/var/log/boot
dmesg |
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
dmesg |
/var/adm/ras
alog -o -t boot alog -o -t console alog -L (list all the logs available) |
Error logging
|
logger
|
logger
|
logger
|
logger
|
/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display
attributes)
/usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging)
# use with above errorlog file
errpt (summary errorlog report) errpt -a (detailed errorlog report) errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report) errclear (clears errorlog) errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors) errlogger "message upto 230 chars" |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
Checking the passwd file
|
pwck
|
pwck
|
pwck
|
pwck
|
pwdck -t ALL
usrck -t ALL |
checking the group file
|
grpck
|
grpck
|
grpck
|
grpck
|
grpck
|
console login (allow/deny)
|
# No reboot required
/etc/default/login |
# No reboot required
/etc/securetty |
# No reboot required
/etc/securetty |
# No reboot required
/etc/securetty Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist |
# No reboot required
/etc/security/user chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
startup
|
eeprom
setenv boot-device
|
grub (GUI)
lilo (text based) |
grub (GUI)
|
setboot -p <primary path>
setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off] |
bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
|
shutdown
|
shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down)
shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot) shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt)
reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure)
touch /reconfigure |
shutdown -h (halt)
shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck) shutdown -F (force fsck) |
shutdown -h (halt)
shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -P (power off)
touch /forcefsck
# edit /etc/default/rcS change below
so
# you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes |
shutdown -h now (halt)
shutdown -r now(reboot) |
shutdown -F (fast shutdown)
shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot) |
Change run level
|
halt
init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit uadmin |
halt
init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit |
halt
init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit |
init
reboot shutdown |
init
shutdown reboot telinit halt |
init status
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 |
0 - shutdown 1 - single user 2 - n/a 3 - Multi-user 4 - n/a 5 - power off 6 - reboot
# change default
vi /etc/inittab |
0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (no networking) 3 - multiuser (networking) 4 - unused 5 - GUI 6 - reboot
# change default
vi /etc/inittab |
0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (default) 3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot # change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default |
0 - halt 1 - single users 2 - multiuser (networking) 3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI) 5 - n/a 6 - n/a
# change default - change the initdefault line
vi /etc/inittab |
0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined
# change default - change the initdefault line
vi /etc/inittab |
Startup options
|
-s single user
-a interactive -x no device drivers (used in clustering) -r reconfigure devices -m milestone |
single - use grub to edit
kernel line
emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt
single: runlevel1, local fs mounted,
no network
emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage |
single - use grub to edit
kernel line
emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt
single: runlevel1, local fs mounted,
no network
emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage |
interact with IPL? Y
# single user ISL> hpux -is
# Logical volume maintanence mode
ISL> hpux -lm # No quroum check ISL> hpux -lq |
Based on 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine
2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker |
startup scripts
|
/etc/init.d
/etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/etc/init.d
/etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/etc/init.d
/etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/sbin/init.d
/etc/rc.config.d (startup config files) /sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d |
/etc/rc.d
/etc/rc.d/init.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d /etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting)
also uses the System Resource
Controller
|
boot prompt commands
|
boot
printenv setenv banner devalias show-devs show-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-all probe-fcal-all probe-pci watch-net-all reset-all |
F10 or F12
|
F10 or F12
|
interact with IPL? Y
|
Based on a 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine
2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker |
Boot process
|
Phases:
|
Boot sequence
1.
BIOS
2.
POST
3.
Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to
the bootloader GRUB or LILO
4.
GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage
1_5
5.
GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific
filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files
6.
GRUB (stage 2) – reads /etc/grub.conf
and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files
7.
KERNEL - control given to the kernel
8.
INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script
|
Boot sequence
1.
BIOS
2.
POST
3.
Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to
the bootloader GRUB or LILO
4.
GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage
1_5
5.
GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific
filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files
6.
GRUB (stage 2) – reads
/boot/grub/menu.lst and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and
the initrd files
7.
KERNEL - control given to the kernel
8.
INIT - runs the
/etc/event.d/rc-default script
|
Phases:
1.
PDC - processor-dependent code;
executes and performs self-tests
2.
ISL - initial system loader; loads the
secondary system loader hpux
3.
HPUX - is the secondary system loader
and loads the kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over to the kernel
4.
KERNEL - swapper processes are started
by the kernel then starts the init process
5.
INIT - reads /etc/inittab
|
Phases:
|
determine the run level
|
who -r
|
runlevel
who -r |
runlevel
who -r |
who -r
|
who -r
|
obtain default run level
|
cat /etc/inittab
|
cat /etc/inittab
|
/etc/event.d/rc-default
|
/etc/inittab
|
/etc/inittab
|
list locale
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
start xwindows
|
n/a
|
startx (shorthand of below)
initx (lots of parms) |
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
initialize system
|
sys-unconfig
|
set_parms
[initial|hostname|ip_address|timezone]
Note: set_parms is in /sbin |
install_assist
|
||
Timezone
|
/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init |
/etc/sysconfig/clock
/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab |
/etc/timezone
/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab |
/etc/TIMEZONE
|
/etc/environment
/etc/profile |
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