Unix komutları -6

Accounts cmmands

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display users	cat /etc/passwd logins -x	cat /etc/passwd system-config-users (GUI)	cat /etc/passwd	cat /etc/passwd logins -x	cat /etc/passwd lsuser -f ALL   (detailed)
create a user	useradd	useradd system-config-users (GUI)	useradd	useradd sam	mkuser useradd
remove a user	userdel	userdel system-config-users (GUI)	userdel	userdel sam	rmuser userdel
modify a user	usermod	usermod system-config-users (GUI)	usermod	usermod sam	chuser -a usermod  passwd -f passwd -s chfn <username> chfn <username><shell>
change user password	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd	passwd pwdadm pwdck -t ALL
create a group	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	groupadd	mkgroup <group name>
remove a group	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	groupdel	rmgroup <group name>
modify a goup	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	groupmod	chgroup <attribute><group name>
password files	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /etc/shadow	/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system)	/etc/security/passwd
useful user commands	id -a whoami who w finger	id -a whoami who w finger	id -a whoami who w finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger	id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger  # License information  lslicense chlicense # Maximum number of processes for a user  lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number>
useful group commands	groups setpgrp newgrp	groups	groups	groups setprivgrp	groups setgroups lsgroup ALL

NFS commands

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
NFS Daemons	server: mountd, nfsd client: statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd	server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd
NFS files	/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/rmtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab	/etc/exports /etc/xtab
List nfs clients that have a remote mount	/etc/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/var/lib/nfs/rmtab	/etc/rmtab	/etc/xtab
display nfs shares	dfshares showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	showmount -e localhost	exportfs showmount -e localhost
create nfs share	/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share) share <path>  ## dfstab example  share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart	redhat-config-nfs (GUI) /etc/exports (edit and add share) /sbin/service nfs reload ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example) exportfs -rav (export the shares)  /etc/init.d/portmap restart /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) /etc/exports (edit and add share) exportfs -a	mknfsexp -d <directory> mknfsmnt shareall
uncreate nfs share	unshare <path> /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share)	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) /sbin/service nfs reload	/etc/exports (edit and remove share) exportfs -rav (export the shares)	/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) exportfs -au (unshare all) exportfs -u /home/vallep  /etc/exports (edit and remove share)	rmnfsexp  -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file)  exportfs -u <filesystem>  unshareall
start/change nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server start  /etc/init.d/nfs.client start svcadm enable nfs/server svcadm disable nfs/server	/sbin/service nfs start	/etc/init.d/portmap start /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start	/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start /sbin/init.d/nfs.server start /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start	mknfs chnfs  startsrc -s nfsd startsrc -s rpc.mountd
stop nfs daemons	/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop /etc/init.d/nfs.client stop	/sbin/service nfs stop	/etc/init.d/portmap stop /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop	/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop  /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop	rmnfs stopsrc -s nfsd stopsrc -s rpc.mountd
nfs status	ps -ef|grep < nfs daemons>	/sbin/service nfs status	/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status	ps -ef | grep <nfs daemons>	lssrc -a |grep -i nfs
nfs reload	shareall	/sbin/service nfs reload	exportfs -rav (export the shares)	exportfs -a	exportfs -av
nfs performanace	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat
nfs Options	n/a	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	cat /var/lib/nfs/etab	n/a	nfso -a nfso -o <option>=<value> exportfs (display options)
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)	## Make sure you use NFS version 3  mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint>	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

NTP commands

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Time daemons	xntpd	ntpd	ntpd	xntpd	xntpd
ntp setup	# Solaris 8  /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.server /etc/ntp.client /etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop] # Solaris 10 /etc/inet/ntp.server /etc/inet/ntp.client svcadm enable ntpd	/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers) dateconfig (GUI) chkconfig --list ntpd chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on  /sbin/service ntpd start	/etc/default/ntp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/ntp [start|stop|restart]	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1)  /etc/ntp.conf	/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lslpp -L all|grep xntpd
ntp daemon options	/lib/svc/method/xntp	/etc/sysconfig/ntpd	/etc/default/ntp	/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons	startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x" /etc/rc.tcpip
NTP Trace commands	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntptrace	ntpq -p ntpdate (set the date)	ntpq -p ntptrace ntpdate

Unix komutları -5

Crash Dump

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
Crash Dump	dumpadm -d <device> crash (used to analyse crash dumps) adb (used to analyse crash dumps)	diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)  service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps)	diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)  service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps)	edit /stand/system add either: dump 2/0/1.5.0 dump lvol dump none # crash config file /etc/rc.config.d/savecrash	sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination) sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize) sysdumpdev -L (info) sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary) sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary) # set the dump device permanently  sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P  # analyse dump file echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0

Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
CPU	top (sunfreeware) prstat  sar mpstat w          (load average) uptime   (load average)  ps vmstat	top sar mpstat w          (load average) uptime   (load average)  ps vmstat procinfo oprofile cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar mpstat w          (load average) uptime   (load average)  ps vmstat procinfo cat /proc/cpuinfo	top sar w          (load average) uptime   (load average)  ps vmstat glance sam	topas -P topas -L  (logical partitions)  mpstat sar -c  w          (load average) uptime   (load average)  lparstat ps iostat -tT 1 tprof curt
Memory	prstat vmstat top sar	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo	top vmstat sar sam glance	topas vmstat sar -b svmon ps ipcs -a lockstat (version 4)  rmss
Network I/O	ndd netstat lsof snoop route	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump  ip iptraf	ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump  ip iptraf	netstat lanadmin sam glance	[ent|tok|fddi|atm]stat netstat netpmon (trcstop to stop trace)
Disk I/O	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	sar -d iostat vmstat lsof	iostat sar sam  glance	topas -D   (disk) topas -F   (filesystem)  iostat sar -D  fcstat (fibre) lvmstat filemon (trcstop to stop)  fileplace # disk stat history  chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat
Application	truss -p <pid>	strace -p <pid>	strace -p <pid>	download and install tusc tusc -p <pid>	topas truss sar  probevue tprof svmon -P <pid>
NFS	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat	nfsstat

Kernel Modules and Parameters

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display loaded modules	modinfo	cat /proc/modules (more detailed)  lsmod Location:  /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.d	cat /proc/modules (more detailed)  lsmod Location:  /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.d/options /etc/modprobe.d	kmadmin -k	genkex
load modules	modload -p drv/<module name>	modprobe <module> insmod	modprobe <module> insmod	kmadmin -L <module name>	n/a
unload modules	modunload -i <module number>	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	modprobe -r <module> rmmod	kmadmin -U <module name>  kmadmin -u <module id>	n/a
set kernel parameters (tuning)	/etc/system (edit and reboot)	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value  No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value  No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc.............................................	kcweb (11i)  kctune (11i only) rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> no -a          (network) vmo -a        (virtual memory)  nfso -a        (NFS) ioo -a         (Input/Ouput) raso -a        (reliability, availability, serviceability)  schedo -a   (processor scheduler)  vi /etc/security/limits cd /etc/tunables tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck  Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
display kernel parameters	cat /etc/system sysdef -i	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc...................................	kctune (11i only) sysdef kmtune kmsystem /usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data	lsattr -EHl sys0  Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed
build kernel	edit and update file then reboot: /etc/system	cd /usr/src/linux-2.5 edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION) make mrproper backup .config make xconfig make dep make bzImage make modules move new kernel make modules_install change lilo/grub config file reboot		cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system edit system file /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system mv /stand/system /stand/system.old mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old mv /stand/build/system /stand mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix reboot	chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
interprocess communication	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a	ipcs -a

Services

	Solaris 10	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display services	svcs -a inetadm -l	service --status-all	There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /etc/init.d/<service>	There is no services or chkconfig command  use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>	lssrc -a
start services	svcadm enable nfs	service nfs start			startsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -g <group>
stop services	svcadm disable nfs	service nfs stop			stopsrc -s <subsystem> stopsrc -g <group>
reload service	svcadm refresh nfs	service nfs reload			refresh -s <subsystem>
restart service	svcadm restart nfs	service nfs restart			stopsrc -s <subsystem>  startsrc -s <subsystem>
service status	svcs nfs	service nfs staus			lssrc -a
service dependencies	svcs -d network	n/a			n/a
service dependants	svcs -D network	n/a			n/a
service logging, etc	/var/svc/log /var/svc/manifest /lib/svc/method	n/a			/var/adm/ras /etc/syslog.conf  /etc/rc.tcpip
change service startup	n/a	chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on			n/a
Add a new service	n/a	# Create your stop/start # script in /etc/init.d chkconfig --add <script>

Patching / Software

	Solaris	Red Hat	Ubuntu/Debian	HP	AIX
display installed patches	showrev -p patchadd -p			swlist -l bundle  swlist -l product swlist -l patch	instfix -ia
adding patch	patchadd patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches)	patch -p1 <patch> zcat patch46.gz | patch -p1 Note: -p = # of path stripping		swcopy (install patch into depot) swinstall (install patch from depot) Note: the swagentd daemon must be running	instfix -k
removing patch	patchrm	patch -R -p1 <patch>		swremove	installp -r
display installed packages	pkginfo (all packages) pkginfo -l (single package) pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs)	rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)	dpkg -l dpkg -S <search string> (search) dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs)  dpkg -s <package> (status) dpkg -p <package> (detailed)	swlist -l bundle <bundle>  swlist -l product <product>  ## check a package swlist -s <full_path/software>	lslpp -L all (all filesets) lslpp -L <package> (single fileset)  lslpp -w <file> (file belongs) lslpp -ha (history of filesets) rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)  oslevel -g (install packkages above os level) whereis <filename>  which_fileset <filename>
adding package	pkgadd	rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already) rpm -ihv (install)	dpkg -i <package>	swinstall swinstall -s <full_path/software>	installp -a installp -c (cleanup after failed install) rpm -i geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)
removing packages	pkgrm	rpm -e <package>	dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files) dpkg -P <package> (remove config files)	swremove	installp -u (commited packages)  installp -r (applied packages) rpm -e <package> geninstall -u <package>
verify package	pkginfo -l pkginfo -p	rpm -V <package>	n/a	swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log)	lppchk -v  rpm -V <package>
List files in package	pkgchk -l <package> | grep -i pathname	rpm -ql <package>	dpkg -L <package> (list files)	swlist -l file <product>	lslpp -f <fileset> rpm -ql <package>
Package directory	/var/sadm	/var/lib/rpm	/var/lib/dpkg/info	/var/adm/sw	/usr/lpp /var/lib/rpm
List libraries required for binary program	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	ldd <file>	chatr <file>	ldd <file>